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Web Service实现包--AXIS2学习笔记二
发表日期:2008-1-5
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客户端的调用 Web services提供的服务多种多样,有的可以马上获得结果,有的要消耗很长的时间。所以,假如我们需要多种调用方式来对付不同的情况。 大多数的Web services都提供阻塞(Blocking)和非阻塞(Non-Blocking)两种APIs. 这两个概念以前应该学过,简单说一下。 Blocking API - 调用端要等被调用的函数运行完毕才继续往下走。 Non-Bloking API - 调用端运行完调用函数以后就直接往下走了,调用端和被调用端是异步执行的。返回值是用回调函数来实现的。 这种异步叫做API层异步(API Level Asynchrony)。他们只用到一个连接来发送和接收消息,而且,假如是那种需要运行很长时间的函数,还会碰到Time Out 错误,假如用两个连接分别处理发送和接收消息,调用的时间就可以缩短,也可以解决Time Out 问题。用两个连接来分别处理发送和接收消息,叫做传输层异步(Transport Level Asynchrony)。  理论真无聊,还是来看实例吧。 打开 Eclipse, 创建一个新Project, 新建一个叫userguide.clients的包, 把"samples\userguide\src\userguide\clients" 下面的文件都copy到那个包下面, 把AXIS2的lib下面的jar都加到ilbrary里面去(应该不用全加,懒一点就全加了吧.) 发现了关于echo的调用的方式, 居然有五个: EchoBlockingClient EchoBlockingDualClient EchoBlockingWsaBasedClient EchoNonBlockingClient EchoNonBlockingDualClient 一个一个看吧. EchoBlockingClient.Java public class EchoBlockingClient { private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://localhost:8080/axis2/services/MyService"); public static void main(String[] args) { try { OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement(); Call call = new Call(); call.setTo(targetEPR); call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, false); //Blocking invocation OMElement result = call.invokeBlocking("echo", payload); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); result.serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance() .createXMLStreamWriter(writer)); writer.flush(); System.out.println(writer.toString()); } catch (AxisFault axisFault) { axisFault.printStackTrace(); } catch (XMLStreamException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 和一代几乎一样, 弄一个EndpointReference, 再弄一个call, 其他不一样,但是也很简单, 弄一个OMElement作为参数, 返回也是一个OMElement. 可惜运行居然有错. 再来看双通道的版本 EchoBlockingDualClient.java public class EchoBlockingDualClient { private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService"); public static void main(String[] args) { try { OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement(); Call call = new Call(); call.setTo(targetEPR); call.engageModule(new QName(Constants.MODULE_ADDRESSING)); call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, true); //Blocking Invocation OMElement result = call.invokeBlocking("echo", payload); StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); result.serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance() .createXMLStreamWriter(writer)); writer.flush(); System.out.println(writer.toString()); //Need to close the Client Side Listener. call.close(); } catch (AxisFault axisFault) { axisFault.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 加了一句engageModule, 这句话似乎没什么用,我删掉这句话也能运行的, 然后setTransportInfo最后一个参数改成了true. 关于setTransportInfo的三个参数, 第一个是发送的Transport, 第二个是接收的Transport, 第三个是"是否双通道", 支持的搭配形式如下: http, http, true http, http, false http,smtp,true smtp,http,true smtp,smtp,true 看下一个吧,EchoNonBlockingClient,这个是单通道的非阻塞模式: public class EchoNonBlockingClient { private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService"); public static void main(String[] args) { try { OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement(); Call call = new Call(); call.setTo(targetEPR); call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, false); //Callback to handle the response Callback callback = new Callback() { public void onComplete(AsyncResult result) { try { StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); result.getResponseEnvelope().serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance() .createXMLStreamWriter(writer)); writer.flush(); System.out.println(writer.toString()); } catch (XMLStreamException e) { reportError(e); } } public void reportError(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }; //Non-Blocking Invocation call.invokeNonBlocking("echo", payload, callback); //Wait till the callback receives the response. while (!callback.isComplete()) { Thread.sleep(1000); } } catch (AxisFault axisFault) { axisFault.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 不同的地方,只是调用的方法从invokeBlocking变成了invokeNonBlocking,然后写了一个简单的匿名Callback类作为回调函数。关于这个Callback类,它是一个抽象类,其中有两个方法:onComplete和reportError,都是client端必须实现的,他还有一个Field,就是complete,可以用来设置和查询调用是否完成。可惜也不能运行,和上面的错误一样,是在createSOAPMessage的时候报null错误。 看下一个EchoNonBlockingDualClient,非阻塞的双通道: public class EchoNonBlockingDualClient { private static EndpointReference targetEPR = new EndpointReference("http://127.0.0.1:8080/axis2/services/MyService"); public static void main(String[] args) { try { OMElement payload = ClientUtil.getEchoOMElement(); Call call = new Call(); call.setTo(targetEPR); //The boolean flag informs the axis2 engine to use two separate transport connection //to retrieve the response. call.engageModule(new QName(Constants.MODULE_ADDRESSING)); call.setTransportInfo(Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, Constants.TRANSPORT_HTTP, true); //Callback to handle the response Callback callback = new Callback() { public void onComplete(AsyncResult result) { try { StringWriter writer = new StringWriter(); result.getResponseEnvelope().serializeWithCache(XMLOutputFactory.newInstance() .createXMLStreamWriter(writer)); writer.flush(); System.out.println(writer.toString()); } catch (XMLStreamException e) { reportError(e); } } public void reportError(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }; //Non-Blocking Invocation call.invokeNonBlocking("echo", payload, callback); //Wait till the callback receives the response. while (!callback.isComplete()) { Thread.sleep(1000); } //Need to close the Client Side Listener. call.close(); } catch (AxisFault axisFault) { axisFault.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } } } 双通道和单通道基本没什么不同,只是双通道的时候,它总是要
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