六. SPFILE的备份与恢复
在本文开篇我们提到，Oracle把Spfile也纳入到Rman的备份恢复策略当中，假如你配置了控制文件自动备份(autoback)，那么Oracle会在数据库发生重大变化(如增减表空间)时自动进行控制文件及Spfile文件的备份。
下面我们来看一下这个过程:
a. 设置控制文件自动备份:
[oracle@jumper oracle]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - ProdUCtion
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> exit
这个设置可以在数据库中通过如下方式查询得到:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Jan 17 01:08:05 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select * from v$rman_configuration;
CONF# NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------- ----------
1 CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON
b. 记录数据库变化
SQL> create tablespace eygle
2 datafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf'
3 size 5M;
Tablespace created.
假如新创建一个表空间，这时候检查alert<sid>.log文件，你可以在其中发现这样的备份信息:
Sat Jan 17 00:55:57 2004Starting control autobackupControl autobackup written to DISK devicehandle '/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/c-1052178311-20040117-00'Completed: create tablespace eygledatafile '/data1/oracle/oradata/eygle01.dbf’
假如使用rman进行备份，在提示中你可以看到如下信息:
RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN> run
2> {
3> allocate channel ch1 type disk format='e:\oracle\orabak\penny%t.arc';
4> backup archivelog all delete all input;
5> release channel ch1;
6> }
allocated channel: ch1
channel ch1: sid=13 devtype=DISK
Starting backup at 02-DEC-03
current log archived
channel ch1: starting archive log backupset
channel ch1: specifying archive log(s) in backup set
input archive log thread=1 sequence=63 recid=168 stamp=511712617
input archive log thread=1 sequence=64 recid=169 stamp=511712620
input archive log thread=1 sequence=65 recid=170 stamp=511712626
input archive log thread=1 sequence=66 recid=171 stamp=511712690
channel ch1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
channel ch1: finished piece 1 at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORABAK\PENNY511712693.ARC comment=NONE
channel ch1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ch1: deleting archive log(s)
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_63.DBF recid=168 stamp=511712617
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_64.DBF recid=169 stamp=511712620
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_65.DBF recid=170 stamp=511712626
archive log filename=E:\ORACLE\ORADATA\PENNY\ARCHIVE\1_66.DBF recid=171 stamp=511712690
Finished backup at 02-DEC-03
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
piece handle=E:\ORACLE\ORA92\DATABASE\C-3627775766-20031202-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-DEC-03
released channel: ch1
我们简单看一下自动备份的控制文件及spfile文件的格式及命名规则:
c-IIIIIIIIII-YYYYMMDD-QQ
c ------------------------控制文件
IIIIIIIIII---------DBID
YYYYMMDD------------时间戳
QQ----------------------序号00-FF，16进制表示
c. 使用自动备份恢复spfile文件
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> restore spfile to '/tmp/spfileeygle.ora' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=18 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-01
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 3584 1月 17 09:34 /tmp/spfileeygle.ora
你同样可以通过这种方法恢复控制文件，示例如下:
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.3.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: HSJF (DBID=1052178311)
RMAN> restore controlfile to '/tmp/control01.ctl' from autobackup;
Starting restore at 17-JAN-04
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20040117
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: c-1052178311-20040117-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: controlfile restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 17-JAN-04
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@jumper bdump]$ ls -l /tmp/control*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 1892352 1月 17 09:44 /tmp/control01.ctl
Oracle9i自动备份控制文件的功能给我们带来了极大的收益,通过自动备份,在数据库出现紧急状况的时候,你可能可以从这个自动备份中获得更为有效及时的控制文件.
缺省的,这个自动备份功能是关闭的,你可以用我们上面提到的方法打开该功能.
七. 设置Events事件
Events事件是Oracle的重要诊断工具及问题解决办法，很多时候需要通过Events设置来屏蔽或者更改Oracle的行为，下面我们来看一下怎样修改spfile，增加Events事件设置：
SQL> alter system set event='10841 trace name context forever' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 101782380 bytes
Fixed Size 451436 bytes
Variable Size 75497472 bytes
Database Buffers 25165824 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show parameter event
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
event string 10841 trace name context forever
顺便提一句，10841事件是用于解决Oracle9i中JDBC Thin Driver问题的一个方法，假如你的alert.log文件中出现以下错误提示:
Wed Jan 7 17:17:08 2004
Errors in file /opt/oracle/admin/phsdb/udump/phsdb_ora_1775.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, argument
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