create database db01
maxlogfiles 10
maxdatafiles 1024
maxinstances 2
logfile
GROUP 1 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_01_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_02_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/oradata/db01/log_03_db01.rdo') SIZE 15M,
datafile 'u01/oradata/db01/system_01_db01.dbf') SIZE 100M,
undo tablespace UNDO
datafile '/u01/oradata/db01/undo_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 40M
default temporary tablespace TEMP
tempfile '/u01/oradata/db01/temp_01_db01.dbf' SIZE 20M
extent management local uniform size 128k
character set AL32UTE8
national character set AL16UTF16
set time_zone='America/New_York';
############### 数据字典 ##########
set wrap off
select * from v$dba_users;
grant select on table_name to user/rule;
select * from user_tables;
select * from all_tables;
select * from dba_tables;
revoke dba from user_name;
shutdown immediate
startup nomount
select * from v$instance;
select * from v$sga;
select * from v$tablespace;
alter session set nls_language=american;
alter database mount;
select * from v$database;
alter database open;
desc dictionary
select * from dict;
desc v$fixed_table;
select * from v$fixed_table;
set Oracle_sid=foxconn
select * from dba_objects;
set serveroutput on
execute dbms_output.put_line('sfasd');
############# 控制文件 ###########
select * from v$database;
select * from v$tablespace;
select * from v$logfile;
select * from v$log;
select * from v$backup;
/*备份用户表空间*/
alter tablespace users begin backup;
select * from v$archived_log;
select * from v$controlfile;
alter system set control_files='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl',
'$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl' scope=spfile;
cp $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl01.ctl $ORACLE_HOME/oradata/u01/ctrl02.ctl
startup pfile='../initSID.ora'
select * from v$parameter where name like 'control%' ;
show parameter control;
select * from v$controlfile_record_section;
select * from v$tempfile;
/*备份控制文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to '../filepath/control.bak';
/*备份控制文件，并将二进制控制文件变为了asc 的文本文件*/
alter database backup controlfile to trace;
############### redo log ##############
archive log list;
alter system archive log start;--启动自动存档
alter system switch logfile;--强行进行一次日志switch
alter system checkpoint;--强制进行一次checkpoint
alter tablspace users begin backup;
alter tablespace offline;
/*checkpoint 同步频率参数FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET,同步频率越高，系统恢复所需时间越短*/
show parameter fast;
show parameter log_checkpoint;
/*加入一个日志组*/
alter database add logfile group 3 ('/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' size 10M);
/*加入日志组的一个成员*/
alter database add logfile member '/$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to group 3;
/*删除日志组:当前日志组不能删；活动的日志组不能删；非归档的日志组不能删*/
alter database drop logfile group 3;
/*删除日志组中的某个成员，但每个组的最后一个成员不能被删除*/
alter databse drop logfile member '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
/*清除在线日志*/
alter database clear logfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo';
alter database clear logfile group 3;
/*清除非归档日志*/
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
/*重命名日志文件*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.rdo' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6a.rdo';
show parameter db_create;
alter system set db_create_online_log_dest_1='path_name';
select * from v$log;
select * from v$logfile;
/*数据库归档模式到非归档模式的互换,要启动到mount状态下才能改变;startup mount;
然后再打开数据库.*/
alter database noarchivelog/archivelog;
achive log start;---启动自动归档
alter system archive all;－－手工归档所有日志文件
select * from v$archived_log;
show parameter log_archive;
###### 分析日志文件logmnr ##############
1) 在init.ora中set utl_file_dir 参数
2) 重新启动oracle
3) create 目录文件
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
dbms_logmnr_d.build;
4) 加入日志文件 add/remove log file
dhms_logmnr.add_logfile
dbms_logmnr.removefile
5) start logmnr
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr
6) 分析出来的内容查询 v$logmnr_content --sqlredo/sqlundo
实践：
desc dbms_logmnr_d;
/*对数据表做一些操作，为恢复操作做预备*/
update 表 set qty=10 where stor_id=6380;
delete 表 where stor_id=7066;
/***********************************/
utl_file_dir的路径
execute dbms_logmnr_d.build('foxdict.ora','$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump');
execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile('$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/ora_log_file6.log',dbms_logmnr.newfile);
execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>;'$ORACLE_HOME/oracle/admin/fox/cdump/foxdict.ora');
######### tablespace ##############
select * form v$tablespace;
select * from v$datafile;
/*表空间和数据文件的对应关系*/
select t1.name,t2.name from v$tablespace t1,v$datafile t2 where t1.ts#=t2.ts#;
alter tablespace users add datafile 'path' size 10M;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
/*限制用户在某表空间的使用限额*/
alter user user_name quota 10m on tablespace_name;
create tablespace xxx [datafile 'path_name/datafile_name'] [size xxx] [extent management local/dictionary] [default storage(xxx)];
exmple: create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5M MAXSIZE 200M;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management dictionary default storage(initial 100k next 100k pctincrease 10) offline;
/*9i以后，oracle建议使用local治理，而不使用dictionary治理，因为local采用bitmap治理表空间 ，不会产生系统表空间的自愿争用;*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m;
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local autoallocate;
/*在创建表空间时，设置表空间内的段空间治理模式，这里用的是自动治理*/
create tablespace userdata datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/userdata01.dbf' size 100M extent management local uniform size 1m segment space management auto;
alter tablespace userdata mininum extent 10;
alter tablespace userdata default storage(initial 1m next 1m pctincrease 20);
/*undo tablespace(不能被用在字典治理模下) */
create undo tablespace undo1 datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 40M extent management local;
show parameter undo;
/*temporary tablespace*/
create temporary tablespace userdata tempfile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' size 10m extent management local;
*设置数据库缺省的临时表空间*/
alter database default temporary tablespace tablespace_name;
/*系统/临时/在线的undo表空间不能被offline*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name offline/online;
alter tablespace tablespace_name read only;
/*重命名用户表空间*/
alter tablespace tablespace_name rename datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo101.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
/*重命名系统表空间 ,但在重命名前必须将数据库shutdown,并重启到mount状态*/
alter database rename file '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system01.dbf' to '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/system02.dbf';
drop tablespace userdata including contents and datafiles;---drop tablespce
/*resize tablespace,autoextend datafile space*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500M;
/*resize datafile*/
alter database datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' resize 50m;
/*给表空间扩展空间*/
alter tablespace userdata add datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf' size 10m;
/*将表空间设置成OMF状态*/
alter system set db_create_file_dest='$ORACLE_HOME/oradata';
create tablespace userdata;---use OMF status to create tablespace;
drop tablespace userdata;---user OMF status to drop tablespace;
select * from dba_tablespace/v$tablespace/dba_data_files;
/*将表的某分区移动到另一个表空间*/
alter table table_name move partition partition_name tablespace tablespace_name;
###### ORACLE storage strUCture and relationships #########
/*手工分配表空间段的分区(extend)大小*/
alter table kong.test12 allocate extent(size 1m datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf');
alter table kong.test12 deallocate unused; ---释放表中没有用到的分区
show parameter db;
alter system set db_8k_cache_size=10m; ---配置8k块的内存空间块参数
select * from dba_extents/dba_segments/data_tablespace;
select * from dba_free_space/dba_data_file/data_tablespace;
/*数据对象所占用的字节数*/
select sum(bytes) from dba_extents where onwer='kong' and segment_name ='table_name';
############ UNDO Data ################
show parameter undo;
alter tablespace users offline normal;
alter tablespace users offline immediate;
recover datafile '$ORACLE_HOME/oradata/undo102.dbf';
alter tablespace users online ;
select * from dba_rollback_segs;
alter system set undo_tablespace=undotbs1;
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